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Hardware

Compressor/Limiters: The Ultimate Guide

Introduction

Compressor/limiters are an essential tool in the recording and mixing process. They help control the dynamics of a sound source, making it sound more polished and professional. In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about compressor/limiters, including their primary controls, types, famous models, and setup.

Primary Controls

Threshold

The threshold control determines the level at which compression starts to occur. Signals below the threshold remain unaffected, while signals above the threshold are compressed.

Attack Time

The attack time control determines how quickly the compressor reacts to signals above the threshold. A fast attack time is suitable for controlling transients, while a slower attack time can help maintain the natural character of the sound.

Release Time

The release time control determines how quickly the compressor stops compressing after a signal falls below the threshold. A fast release time is suitable for percussive sounds, while a slower release time can help maintain the natural decay of the sound.

Compression Ratio

The compression ratio control determines the amount of compression applied to the signal above the threshold. A higher ratio results in more compression.

The compression ratio is like a volume knob that turns down the loud parts of a sound. The higher the ratio, the more the loud parts are turned down. A ratio of 2:1 means that for every 2 loud parts, the compressor turns down 1 of them. A ratio of 4:1 means that for every 4 loud parts, the compressor turns down 1 of them. A ratio of 8:1 means that for every 8 loud parts, the compressor turns down 1 of them. When the ratio is set to infinity, it means that the compressor won’t let anything go over a certain level, so it’s like a volume limit. Imagine you have a music player and set a maximum volume level so it doesn’t get too loud and hurt your ears. That’s what a limiter does. It sets a maximum level for the sound so it doesn’t get too loud and cause damage to your ears or the equipment.

Typical ratios you’ll find on most compressors include:

  • 2:1 – For every 2 dB that the signal goes over the threshold, the output will be compressed by 1 dB. This is a mild compression ratio that is suitable for subtle dynamic control.
  • 4:1 – For every 4 dB that the signal goes over the threshold, the output will be compressed by 1 dB. This is a moderate compression ratio that is suitable for general-purpose dynamic control.
  • 8:1 – For every 8 dB that the signal goes over the threshold, the output will be compressed by 1 dB. This is a high compression ratio that is suitable for heavy dynamic control.
  • Infinity:1 – The output will be fixed at the threshold level when the compression ratio is set to infinity. This is known as limiting and is used to prevent signals from exceeding a certain level.

Side Chain

The side chain input allows an external signal to be used to trigger the compressor. This is useful for de-essing, ducking, or frequency-specific compression.

Possible Uses

  • De-essing: using a frequency-specific signal to reduce sibilance in a vocal recording
  • Ducking: reducing the level of music when a voice-over is present
  • Frequency-specific compression: compressing only a specific frequency range of a signal

One interesting use of side chain is to create unique effects. For example, you can use a kick drum to trigger a compressor on a bass guitar track, resulting in a pumping effect that is often heard in dance music. Another example is to use a vocal track to trigger a delay effect on a guitar track, creating a rhythmic pattern that complements the vocal melody. The possibilities are endless, and experimenting with side chain can lead to some truly creative results.

Bypass

The bypass control allows the compressor to be bypassed, allowing the original signal to pass through unaffected.

Types of Compressors

Optical

Optical compressors use a light-dependent resistor (LDR) to control the amount of gain reduction. They are known for their smooth and musical sound.

Example: Teletronix LA-2A

The Teletronix LA-2A is a legendary optical compressor that has been used on countless recordings. Its smooth and transparent sound makes it a favorite among engineers and producers.

FET

FET (field-effect transistor) compressors use a FET to control the amount of gain reduction. They are known for their fast response and aggressive sound.

Example: Universal Audio 1176

The Universal Audio 1176 is a classic FET compressor that has been used on countless recordings. Its fast attack time and aggressive sound make it a favorite among rock and pop engineers.

VCA

VCA (voltage-controlled amplifier) compressors use a VCA to control the amount of gain reduction. They are known for their transparent sound and fast response.

Example: DBX 160

The DBX 160 is a classic VCA compressor that has been used on countless recordings. Its transparent sound and fast response make it a favorite among engineers and producers.

Vari-Gain

Vari-Gain compressors use a variable gain amplifier to control the amount of gain reduction. They are known for their warm and musical sound.

Examples: Fairchild 670 or Manley Vari-Mu

The Fairchild 670 and Manley Vari-Mu are classic Vari-Gain compressors that have been used on countless recordings. Their warm and musical sound makes them a favorite among engineers and producers.

Limiting

Limiting is a type of compression that is used to prevent signals from exceeding a certain level. Limiters typically have a very high compression ratio, and are used to prevent clipping and distortion.

Famous Compressor/Limiters

Teletronix LA-2A

The Teletronix LA-2A is a legendary optical compressor that has been used on countless recordings. Its smooth and transparent sound makes it a favorite among engineers and producers.

Universal Audio LA-3A

The Universal Audio LA-3A is a solid-state version of the LA-2A that has been used on countless recordings. Its smooth and transparent sound makes it a favorite among engineers and producers.

UREI LA-4

The UREI LA-4 is a solid-state compressor that has been used on countless recordings. Its fast attack time and transparent sound make it a favorite among engineers and producers.

UREI 1176

The UREI 1176 is a classic FET compressor that has been used on countless recordings. Its fast attack time and aggressive sound make it a favorite among rock and pop engineers.

What happens when you push-in all four ratio buttons simultaneously?

When all four ratio buttons are pushed in simultaneously on a UREI 1176, it produces an infinite compression ratio, resulting in a heavily compressed sound.

Plugin Versions of these Famous Compressor/Limiters

These are some of the popular plugin versions of these famous compressor/limiters available in the market todaye:

  • UAD LA-2A – This plugin is a faithful emulation of the classic Teletronix LA-2A and is available for $299 on the Universal Audio website.
  • Waves CLA-76 – This plugin is modeled after the Universal Audio 1176 and is available for $299 on the Waves website.
  • Universal Audio 1176 plugin – This plugin is a faithful emulation of the classic 1176 and is available for $299 on the Universal Audio website.
  • Softube Tube-Tech CL 1B – This plugin is modeled after the classic Tube-Tech CL 1B hardware compressor and is available for $279 on the Softube website.
  • Waves SSL G-Master Buss Compressor – This plugin is modeled after the SSL G Series bus compressor and is available for $349 on the Waves website.
  • FabFilter Pro-C – This plugin is a versatile compressor that offers a wide range of features and is available for $179 on the FabFilter website.

If you’re interested in learning more about these plugins and others, check out the manufacturers’ websites:

Compressor/Limiter Setup

How to setup for Dynamics Control during Recording?

When setting up a compressor/limiter for dynamics control during recording, it’s important to consider the source material and the desired outcome. For example, if recording a singer, it may be necessary to use a high-pass filter to remove unwanted low-frequency noise. Additionally, it may be necessary to adjust the attack and release times to achieve the desired amount of compression.

How to setup for Voice-Overs during Recording?

When setting up a compressor/limiter for voice-overs during recording, it’s important to consider the desired outcome. A fast attack time and a high compression ratio may be necessary to prevent peaks and ensure consistent levels.

The two most important settings:

The two most important settings when setting up a compressor/limiter are the timing of attack and release, and the amount of compression. It’s important to experiment with these settings to achieve the desired sound.

Step-by-step recommendation for setting up and adjusting

  1. Start with the threshold control set to 0 dB.
  2. Adjust the attack time to achieve the desired amount of transient control.
  3. Adjust the release time to achieve the desired sound.
  4. Adjust the compression ratio to achieve the desired amount of compression.
  5. Use the makeup gain control to compensate for any volume loss due to compression.

Conclusion

Compressor/limiters are an essential tool in the recording and mixing process. By understanding their primary controls, types, famous models, and setup, you’ll be able to achieve the desired sound for any recording or mixing project.

Direct Injection: Everything You Need to Know

Direct injection is a technique used in music production to connect instruments, such as guitars and keyboards, directly to the mixing console or recording device. This technique has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its ability to cut down on the number of microphones used, as well as its impact on the overall sound quality of the instrument. In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about direct injection, including its advantages, types of direct boxes, setup, and amplifier emulators.

Why is Direct Injection Used Today?

Direct injection is used in music production today for a number of reasons. One of the main reasons is to reduce the number of microphones used. This is because when an instrument is recorded using a microphone, it can pick up unwanted sounds, such as room noise and other instruments. By using direct injection, these unwanted sounds can be eliminated, resulting in a cleaner recording.

Another reason direct injection is used is to improve the overall sound quality of the instrument. When an instrument is recorded using a microphone, the sound can be distorted due to the distance between the microphone and the instrument. Direct injection eliminates this issue by allowing the instrument to be connected directly to the mixing console or recording device, resulting in a more accurate and natural sound.

How Does Direct Injection Cut Down on the Number of Mics Used?

Direct injection cuts down on the number of microphones used by allowing the instrument to be connected directly to the mixing console or recording device. This eliminates the need for a microphone, as the instrument’s sound is captured directly through the direct box.

How Does Direct Injection Make the Instrument Sound? Is it Better or Worse?

Direct injection can make an instrument sound better or worse depending on various factors, such as the quality of the direct box and the instrument being used. However, in general, direct injection is known for producing a more accurate and natural sound compared to recording with a microphone.

1/4” Cables vs Balanced XLR Mic Input

When using direct injection, it’s important to understand the difference between 1/4″ cables and balanced XLR mic input. 1/4″ cables are unbalanced, which means they are more susceptible to interference and noise. Balanced XLR mic inputs, on the other hand, are designed to eliminate interference and noise, resulting in a cleaner sound.

Converting Between 1/4” and Balanced XLR

Converting between 1/4″ and balanced XLR can be done using a direct box. Direct boxes are designed to convert unbalanced signals, such as those from a 1/4″ cable, into balanced signals, such as those used by a balanced XLR mic input.

Why Can’t You Directly Plug Your Guitar or Keyboard into the Mic Preamp Without the Direct Box?

You can’t directly plug your guitar or keyboard into the mic preamp without the direct box because most instruments have an impedance that is too high for the mic preamp to handle. Direct boxes are designed to match the impedance of the instrument to the impedance of the mic preamp, resulting in a cleaner sound.

Most Popular Brands, Models, Pricing, and Websites to Learn More

Here are some popular direct box brands, models, pricing, and direct links to the product pages:

Advantages of Direct Injection

Direct injection offers a number of advantages, including:

Direct-Box Transformers

Direct-box transformers are designed to match the impedance of the instrument to the impedance of the mic preamp. This results in a cleaner sound, as the transformer eliminates any unwanted noise or interference.

Extremely High Impedance

Direct boxes have an extremely high impedance, which means they are less susceptible to noise and interference. This results in a cleaner sound and a more accurate representation of the instrument.

Length of Balanced Output Cable

The length of the balanced output cable can affect the sound quality of the instrument. Direct boxes are designed to compensate for this by providing a balanced output that can be used with longer cables without affecting the sound quality.

Converting Between Cable Types

Direct boxes are designed to convert between cable types, such as 1/4″ and balanced XLR. This allows for greater flexibility when connecting instruments to the mixing console or recording device.

Direct-Box Types

There are two main types of direct boxes: active and passive.

Active vs Passive

Active direct boxes require power, either from a battery or phantom power from the mixing console or recording device. Passive direct boxes, on the other hand, do not require power and are designed to work with low-impedance instruments.

Which is Better?

The choice between active and passive direct boxes depends on your specific needs. Active direct boxes are generally more versatile and can be used with a wider range of instruments, while passive direct boxes are simpler and easier to use.

Modern Mic Preamps and DI Inputs

Many modern mic preamps and DI inputs are designed to work with both active and passive direct boxes, making it easier to use either type of direct box.

Direct-Box Setup

Setting up a direct box involves several steps, including:

Setting the Gain

Setting the gain on the direct box is important to ensure that the instrument is not overdriven or underrepresented.

Boost

Some direct boxes come with a boost function, which can be used to increase the level of the instrument’s signal.

Ground Switch

The ground switch on the direct box is used to eliminate any hum or noise that may be caused by ground loops.

Reducing Hum

Hum can be reduced by ensuring that the instrument is properly grounded, and by using a direct box with a ground lift switch.

Amplifier Emulators

Amplifier emulators are devices that are designed to simulate the sound of a guitar amplifier. These devices can be used in conjunction with a direct box to create a more realistic sound. However, there are some advantages and disadvantages to using amplifier emulators.

What is the Purpose of These?

The purpose of amplifier emulators is to simulate the sound of a guitar amplifier, which can be useful when recording or performing live.

What Do They Do?

Amplifier emulators simulate the sound of a guitar amplifier by using digital signal processing to create a similar sound.

How Do They Do It?

Amplifier emulators use digital signal processing to create a similar sound to a guitar amplifier.

Advantages vs Disadvantages?

The advantages of using amplifier emulators include the ability to create a more realistic sound, as well as the ability to use the same sound across multiple recordings. The disadvantages include the cost of the emulator, as well as the fact that it may not be as versatile as a physical guitar amplifier.

Are There Any Criticisms for Using Them?

Some criticisms of amplifier emulators include the fact that they may not be as versatile as a physical guitar amplifier, as well as the fact that they may not be as reliable.

Most Popular Brands, Models, Pricing, and Websites to Learn More

Here are some of the most popular amplifier emulator brands, as well as a few of their models, pricing, and direct links to their product pages:

To learn more about amplifier emulators, you can visit websites such as Sweetwater, Musician’s Friend, and Guitar Center.

Conclusion

In conclusion, direct injection is a powerful technique that can be used to improve the sound quality of instruments in music production. It has become increasingly popular due to its ability to cut down on the number of microphones used and improve the overall sound quality of the instrument. By understanding the advantages of direct injection, types of direct boxes, setup, and amplifier emulators, you can improve the overall sound quality of your recordings and performances. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced musician, direct injection is a technique that is worth exploring further.

The Microphone Preamplifier: Choosing the Best Vintage and Modern Models for Better Sound Quality

A microphone preamplifier, also known as a mic preamp, is an essential component in recording audio. It is a device that amplifies the low-level output signal of a microphone to a higher level that can be recorded or processed further. In this blog post, we will discuss the importance of using a separate mic amp, vintage and modern mic preamp models, 500 series racks, mic amp setup, primary controls, and setup method.

Why A Separate Mic Amp?

While some audio interfaces come with built-in mic preamps, it is often recommended to use a separate mic amp for several reasons. Firstly, a dedicated mic preamp can offer a higher quality and cleaner amplification of the microphone signal, resulting in better sound quality. Secondly, it allows for more control over the sound, as the mic preamp is a separate unit with its own set of controls. Finally, using a separate mic preamp allows for more flexibility in terms of routing and processing.

Vintage Mic Pres

Vintage mic preamps are highly sought after for their unique sound characteristics. Many audio engineers prefer them over modern preamps because they add a layer of character to the recording. The vintage preamps were designed to work with a specific set of microphones and are often tailored to work with those mics. Here are some of the most popular vintage mic preamp models:

Neve 1073/1081

The Neve 1073 and 1081 are classic mic preamps that have been used on countless hit records. They have a warm, colored sound that is particularly well-suited for rock and pop music. These preamps are known for their musical EQ section, which can be used to shape the sound in a pleasing way. The Neve 1073 was introduced in the early 1970s and is still highly sought after today. The 1081 is a later version of the 1073 and has a few additional features.

API 312/512

The API 312 and 512 mic preamps are another classic vintage option that have been used on many recordings. They have a clean, transparent sound that is suitable for a wide range of genres. These preamps are known for their fast transient response, which can add a sense of clarity and definition to recordings. They were first introduced in the 1970s and are still in production today.

Telefunken V72/V76

The Telefunken V72 and V76 are vintage German mic preamps that are highly sought after for their warm, smooth sound. They were originally designed for use in broadcast studios and have since become a favorite of many recording engineers. These preamps are known for their ability to add a sense of depth and dimension to recordings. They were first introduced in the 1950s and were used extensively in the Beatles’ recordings.

Modern Mic Pres

While vintage mic preamps are still popular, there are also many modern options that offer excellent sound quality and flexibility. Many manufacturers have created preamps that emulate the characteristics of vintage preamps, while adding modern features and controls. Here are some popular modern mic preamp models:

Great River

Great River mic preamps are known for their transparent, detailed sound. They are particularly well-suited for recording acoustic instruments and vocals. Popular models include the Great River MP-2NV and ME-1NV. The MP-2NV has a transformer-coupled input and output, which adds a layer of warmth to the recording. The ME-1NV has a solid-state design and is known for its clarity and detail.

Vintech

Vintech mic preamps are modeled after classic vintage designs and offer a warm, musical sound. They are well-suited for recording rock and pop music. Popular models include the Vintech X73 and 273. The X73 is modeled after the Neve 1073 and has a similar sound and EQ section. The 273 is modeled after the API 312 and has a clean, transparent sound.

Daking

Daking mic preamps are known for their clean, transparent sound and high headroom. They are suitable for a wide range of recording applications. Popular models include the Daking Mic Pre One and Mic Pre EQ. The Mic Pre One has a simple design with a single gain control, while the Mic Pre EQ has an additional EQ section.

Universal Audio

Universal Audio offers a range of mic preamps that are based on classic vintage designs and offer modern features and flexibility. Popular models include the Universal Audio 610, 4-710d, and SOLO/610. The 610 is based on the preamp used in the Teletronix LA-2A compressor and has a warm, thick sound. The 4-710d has four channels of preamp and is known for its versatility. The SOLO/610 is a single-channel preamp that is based on the preamp used in the UA 610 console.

Hardy

Hardy mic preamps are known for their clean, transparent sound and high headroom. They are suitable for a wide range of recording applications. Popular models include the Hardy M-1 and M-2. The M-1 has a transformer-coupled input and output, which adds a layer of warmth to the recording. The M-2 has a solid-state design and is known for its clarity and detail.

Millennia Media HV-3C

The Millennia Media HV-3C is a high-end mic preamp that is known for its transparent, detailed sound. It is particularly well-suited for recording acoustic instruments and classical music. The HV-3C has a solid-state design and is known for its high headroom and low distortion.

Grace

Grace mic preamps are known for their clean, transparent sound and high headroom. They are suitable for a wide range of recording applications. Popular models include the Grace Design m101 and m103. The m101 has a simple design with a single gain control, while the m103 has an additional EQ section.

500 Series Racks

500 series racks are a popular way to build a custom mic preamp setup. They allow you to mix and match different modules, including mic preamps, EQs, and compressors, in a single rack. Popular 500 series racks include the Radial Workhorse, API Lunchbox, and Rupert Neve Designs Portico. The Radial Workhorse is a 3-slot rack that has a built-in power supply. The API Lunchbox is a 6-slot rack that has a built-in power supply and a variety of additional features. The Rupert Neve Designs Portico is a 10-slot rack that has a built-in power supply and a variety of additional features.

Mic Amp Setup

When setting up your mic amp, there are several primary controls to be aware of:

Gain

The gain control adjusts the amount of amplification applied to the microphone signal. It is important to set the gain properly to avoid clipping or distortion. The gain should be set so that the loudest part of the recording is just below the maximum level.

Phantom Power

Many microphones require phantom power to operate. This is a +48V DC voltage that is applied to the microphone through the mic cable. Make sure your mic preamp has a phantom power switch and that it is turned on when using a microphone that requires it. Not all microphones require phantom power, so it’s important to check the microphone’s specifications before turning on phantom power.

Phase

The phase switch or button is used to adjust the polarity of the microphone signal. This can be useful in certain situations where multiple microphones are being used and their signals are interacting with each other. If two microphones are picking up the same sound source, but one is slightly out of phase, the two signals can cancel each other out, resulting in a thinner, weaker sound. Flipping the phase of one of the microphones can fix this issue.

High-Pass Filter

The high-pass filter, sometimes called a low-cut filter, removes low-frequency content from the microphone signal. This can be useful in reducing rumble or other unwanted low-frequency noise. The high-pass filter should be set based on the frequency of the noise you’re trying to remove. If you’re recording vocals, you can usually set the high-pass filter to around 80 Hz.

Setup Method

When setting up your mic amp, it is important to follow a few best practices:

Use Quality Cables

Using high-quality cables will help minimize noise and interference in the signal chain. Look for cables with high-quality connectors and shielded cables. The type of cable you use will depend on the type of microphone you’re using. For dynamic microphones, you can use a standard XLR cable. For condenser microphones, you will need a cable that can carry phantom power.

Test and Adjust Levels

Before recording, it is important to test and adjust the levels of your mic preamp. Use a reference signal and adjust the gain control until the signal is at an appropriate level. The signal should be loud enough to be heard clearly, but not so loud that it clips or distorts.

Experiment with Mic Placement

Mic placement can have a significant impact on the sound of your recording. Experiment with different mic positions and distances to find the sound that works best for your recording. The distance between the microphone and the sound source can affect the amount of room sound in the recording. The angle of the microphone can affect the high-frequency response of the recording.

In conclusion, a high-quality mic preamp is an essential component in recording audio. Whether you choose a vintage or modern model, or build your own, the mic preamp offers a level of control and flexibility that can help you achieve the sound you’re looking for. Take the time to research different models and test them out before making a purchase. And don’t be afraid to experiment with mic placement and other settings to find the perfect sound for your recording.

Specialty Microphones: The Key to Unlocking Your Recording Studio’s Full Potential

As a recording artist, musician, band, or music producer, you understand the importance of having the right microphone for your recordings. A great microphone is one of the most essential tools in your recording arsenal, as it can make all the difference in the clarity, tone, and overall quality of your sound. However, with so many different types of microphones available, it can be overwhelming to know which one to choose.

That’s why we’ve put together this comprehensive guide to help you understand everything you need to know about microphones. From microphone specifications to directional response, specialty microphones, microphone accessories, and more, we’ll cover all the key aspects of choosing and using the right microphone for your recording needs.

Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting out in the music industry, this guide will provide you with the information you need to make informed decisions about your microphone purchases and get the most out of your recording studio. So, read on, and let’s unlock the full potential of your recordings together!

Microphone Specifications

When choosing a microphone, it’s important to consider its specifications. Here are some key specifications to look at:

Sensitivity

Sensitivity is a measure of how much output voltage a microphone produces when it’s exposed to a certain sound pressure level. In general, a higher sensitivity microphone will produce a stronger signal than a lower sensitivity microphone.

Overload Characteristics

Overload characteristics refer to a microphone’s ability to handle high sound pressure levels without distorting. If you plan on recording loud sources like drums or guitar amps, you’ll want a microphone with good overload characteristics.

Frequency Response

A microphone’s frequency response is a measure of how evenly it responds to different frequencies. Some microphones are designed to have a flat frequency response, while others are designed to emphasize certain frequencies.

Free-Field or Diffuse-Field

Free-field microphones are designed to be used in environments where sound arrives directly from the source. Diffuse-field microphones are designed to be used in environments where sound is evenly distributed.

Noise

Noise refers to any unwanted sounds that a microphone might pick up. Some microphones are designed to have very low noise levels, which is important if you’re recording quiet sources like vocals.

Directional Response

Directional response refers to a microphone’s ability to pick up sound from different directions. Here are some common directional patterns:

Omni-Directional

Omni-directional microphones are a type of microphone that pick up sound from all directions equally. They are often used in recording studios to capture the natural and ambient sound of a room. These microphones are also useful for recording live music performances, as they can capture the sound of a group of musicians playing together. In addition, omni-directional microphones can be used in field recordings to capture the sounds of nature or the environment. With their ability to capture sound from all directions, omni-directional microphones provide a versatile and high-quality recording option for a variety of applications.

Some popular omni-directional microphones include:

  • Neumann U87: This condenser microphone has a wide frequency response and a smooth, natural sound that’s well-suited for recording vocals and acoustic instruments.
  • AKG C414 XLII: This versatile condenser microphone has five polar patterns, including omni-directional, and is well-suited for a wide range of recording applications.
  • Audio-Technica AT4053B: This condenser microphone has a flat, extended frequency response and an omni-directional polar pattern, making it ideal for capturing the nuances of acoustic instruments and vocals.

Bi-Directional

Bi-directional microphones, also referred to as figure-of-eight microphones because of their polar pattern, are special types of microphones designed to pick up sound from two opposite directions while rejecting sound from the sides. In other words, they are highly directional microphones that capture sound from the front and back, but not from the sides. This makes them particularly useful in situations where you need to record two sources at once, such as a guitar and a vocal, without picking up unwanted sounds from the surrounding environment. Additionally, bi-directional microphones can be used to record interviews, where the interviewer and interviewee sit facing each other, or to record live performances where the sound is coming from two distinct sources. Overall, bi-directional microphones are versatile tools that can help you capture high-quality sound in a variety of settings.

Some popular bi-directional microphones include:

  • AKG C414 XLII: This versatile condenser microphone has five polar patterns, including bi-directional, and is well-suited for a wide range of recording applications.
  • Audio-Technica AT4053B: This condenser microphone has a flat, extended frequency response and a bi-directional polar pattern, making it ideal for capturing the nuances of acoustic instruments.
  • Rode NT2-A: This versatile condenser microphone has three polar patterns, including bi-directional, and is well-suited for recording a variety of instruments and vocals.

Figure Of Eight

Figure-of-eight microphones are a type of directional microphone that is designed to pick up sound from two opposite directions while rejecting sound from the sides. This makes them particularly useful for recording two sources at the same time, such as a guitar and a vocal. The unique shape of the microphone allows it to pick up sound in a pattern that resembles the figure “8,” which is why it’s called a figure-of-eight microphone.

These microphones work by using two diaphragms that are placed back-to-back. When sound waves reach the diaphragms, they create a pattern of positive and negative pressure. The diaphragms are connected to an electrical circuit that converts the pressure changes into an electrical signal, which can then be recorded or amplified.

One of the advantages of using a figure-of-eight microphone is that it allows you to achieve a natural sound that captures the ambience of the room. Since the microphone is only picking up sound from two directions, it’s less likely to pick up unwanted sounds from the sides, such as noise from an air conditioner or traffic outside. This can be especially useful in a live recording situation, where you want to capture the energy of the performance without any distractions.

Another advantage of using a figure-of-eight microphone is that it gives you more control over the balance of the two sources. By adjusting the placement of the microphone, you can emphasize one source over the other, or you can blend them together in a way that sounds pleasing to your ears. This can be particularly useful when recording instruments and vocals, where you want to achieve a balance that highlights the strengths of each source.

Figure-of-eight microphones are a versatile tool for recording music and other types of audio. Whether you’re recording a live performance or a studio session, these microphones can help you achieve a natural sound that captures the essence of the performance. So if you’re looking for a way to take your recordings to the next level, consider adding a figure-of-eight microphone to your collection.

Some of the most popular figure-of-eight microphones include:

  • Rode NT2-A
  • Audio-Technica AT4053B
  • AKG C414 XLII

Cardioid

Cardioid microphones are a type of directional microphone that picks up sound from the front while rejecting sound from the sides and rear. They are ideal for recording a single source, such as a vocalist or a guitar amp, with minimal bleed from other sources. However, it is important to note that cardioid microphones are not suitable for recording ambient sounds or multiple sources in a room, as they will not capture a complete picture of the acoustic environment. Additionally, cardioid microphones can come in different shapes and sizes, such as handheld or shotgun mics, and may be used in a variety of settings, from recording studios to live concerts. Overall, the versatility and directional properties of cardioid microphones make them a popular choice among audio professionals and enthusiasts alike.

Some popular cardioid microphones include:

  • Shure SM7B: A favorite among podcasters and broadcasters, this dynamic microphone has a smooth, warm sound that’s great for vocals.
  • Audio-Technica AT4053B: This condenser microphone has a flat, extended frequency response that makes it ideal for capturing the nuances of acoustic instruments.
  • AKG C414 XLII: This versatile condenser microphone has five polar patterns, including cardioid, and is well-suited for a wide range of recording applications.

Hyper-Cardioid

Hyper-cardioid microphones are a type of directional microphone that are similar to cardioid microphones. While cardioid microphones have a wide pickup pattern that captures sound from multiple directions, hyper-cardioid microphones have a much narrower pickup pattern that only captures sound from a smaller area directly in front of the microphone. This makes them ideal for recording a single source in a noisy environment, such as a concert or live event.

In addition to their directional capabilities, hyper-cardioid microphones also have a number of other features that make them a popular choice for recording engineers and audio professionals. For example, they often have a built-in shock mount to help reduce handling noise, and some models even have a switchable polar pattern that allows them to be used as a standard cardioid microphone when needed. Overall, hyper-cardioid microphones are a versatile and reliable tool for anyone looking to capture high-quality audio in challenging recording environments.

Some popular hyper-cardioid microphones include:

  • Sennheiser e965: This condenser microphone has a switchable polar pattern, allowing you to switch between cardioid and hyper-cardioid modes. It’s great for recording vocals in a noisy environment.
  • Rode NT2-A: This versatile condenser microphone has three polar patterns, including hyper-cardioid, and is well-suited for recording a variety of instruments and vocals.
  • Audio-Technica AT4053B: This condenser microphone has a flat, extended frequency response and a hyper-cardioid polar pattern, making it ideal for capturing the nuances of acoustic instruments.

Specialty Microphones

In addition to the standard directional patterns, there are many specialty microphones that are designed for specific applications. Here are some examples:

Shotgun Microphones

Shotgun microphones are highly directional microphones that are often used in film and video production. They’re designed to pick up sound from a specific direction and reject sound from other directions.

Some popular shotgun microphones include:

  • Sennheiser MKH416: This industry-standard shotgun microphone has a super-cardioid polar pattern and a frequency response that’s ideal for capturing dialogue and other speech.
  • Rode NTG3: This shotgun microphone has a highly directional super-cardioid polar pattern and a low self-noise, making it great for capturing dialogue and other sound effects in film and video.

Lavaliere Microphones

Lavaliere microphones, also known as lapel microphones, are small microphones that are designed to be clipped onto clothing. They’re often used in television broadcasting or for recording speeches.

Some popular lavaliere microphones include:

  • Sennheiser ME2: This small electret condenser microphone has an omni-directional polar pattern and is designed for use with Sennheiser wireless systems.
  • Shure WL185: This cardioid lavaliere microphone is designed for use with Shure wireless systems and has a frequency response that’s optimized for speech.

PZM Microphones

PZM (pressure zone microphone) microphones are designed to be placed on a flat surface, like a table or a wall. They’re useful for recording meetings or for capturing room ambience.

Some popular PZM microphones include:

  • Crown PZM-30D: This boundary microphone has an omni-directional polar pattern and a frequency response that’s optimized for capturing room ambience.
  • Audio-Technica Pro 42: This boundary microphone has a half-cardioid polar pattern and a frequency response that’s ideal for capturing the nuances of acoustic instruments.

Wireless Microphones

Wireless microphones allow you to move around freely while recording. They’re often used in live music settings or for video production.

Some popular wireless microphone systems include:

  • Sennheiser EW 100 G4: This wireless microphone system includes a handheld microphone and a receiver with a range of up to 330 feet. It’s great for live performances and public speaking events.
  • Shure BLX: This wireless microphone system includes a handheld microphone and a receiver with a range of up to 300 feet. It’s well-suited for live music performances and video production.

Stereo Microphones

Stereo microphones are designed to capture a wide stereo image. They’re often used for recording acoustic music or for capturing room ambience.

Some popular stereo microphones include:

  • Rode NT4: This stereo microphone has two cardioid capsules in an XY configuration and is well-suited for recording acoustic instruments and live performances.
  • Audio-Technica AT4053B: This condenser microphone has a modular design that allows you to switch between various polar patterns, including XY stereo. It’s great for capturing the nuances of acoustic instruments and live performances.

Parabolic Microphones

Parabolic microphones use a dish to focus sound waves onto a microphone element. They’re often used for recording distant sound sources, like birds or wildlife.

Some popular parabolic microphones include:

  • Telinga Pro-X: This parabolic microphone has a directional hyper-cardioid polar pattern and a frequency response that’s optimized for capturing the sound of birds and other wildlife.
  • Klover MiK: This parabolic microphone has a directional super-cardioid polar pattern and a frequency response that’s ideal for capturing the sound of live events and sports.

Binaural Microphones

Binaural microphones are designed to capture sound in a way that mimics human hearing. They’re often used for recording immersive audio for virtual reality or for ASMR content.

Some popular binaural microphones include:

  • Sennheiser Ambeo Smart Headset: This binaural headset has built-in microphones and is designed to be used with a smartphone. It’s great for recording immersive audio for virtual reality and other applications.
  • 3Dio Free Space Pro II: This binaural microphone has two omnidirectional capsules in an ear-shaped design, making it ideal for recording ASMR content and other immersive audio.

Microphone Accessories

In addition to choosing the right microphone, it’s important to use the right accessories to get the best sound possible. Here are some common microphone accessories:

Pop Filters

Pop filters are designed to reduce the popping sound that can occur when recording vocals. They’re often made of a fine mesh material that diffuses the air that hits the microphone.

Some popular pop filters include:

  • Stedman Proscreen XL: This pop filter has a large surface area and a sturdy clamping mechanism that makes it easy to attach to a microphone stand.
  • sE Electronics Reflexion Filter: This pop filter has a curved shape that helps to reduce reflections and improve the clarity of your recordings.

Windscreens

Windscreens are designed to reduce wind noise when recording outside. They’re often made of a foam material that fits over the microphone.

Some popular windscreens include:

  • Rycote Super-Shield Kit: This windscreen and shock mount kit is designed to fit a variety of microphones and provide excellent wind noise reduction.
  • WindTech SG-1: This universal windscreen is made of a foam material that provides excellent wind noise reduction and fits most microphones.

Shock Mounts

Shock mounts are designed to isolate the microphone from vibrations and handling noise. They’re often made of a suspension system that holds the microphone in place.

Some popular shock mounts include:

  • Rycote InVision USM: This shock mount is designed to fit a variety of microphones and provide excellent isolation from vibrations and handling noise.
  • sE Electronics Isolation Pack: This shock mount and pop filter combo provides excellent isolation from vibrations and handling noise, as well as reducing popping sounds when recording vocals.

Isolation Shields

Isolation shields, also known as reflection filters, are designed to reduce room ambience when recording vocals. They’re often made of a panel that fits behind the microphone.

Some popular isolation shields include:

  • Aston Halo: This reflection filter has a unique design that provides excellent isolation from room reflections and improves the clarity of your recordings.
  • sE Electronics Reflexion Filter Pro: This reflection filter has a curved shape that helps to reduce reflections and improve the clarity of your recordings.

Portable Vocal Booth Boxes

Portable vocal booth boxes are designed to create a controlled recording environment wherever you are. They’re often made of a box-like structure that fits around the microphone.

Some popular portable vocal booth boxes include:

  • sE Electronics Reflexion Filter X: This portable vocal booth box has a curved design that helps to reduce reflections and improve the clarity of your recordings.
  • Aston Halo Shadow: This portable vocal booth box has a unique design that provides excellent isolation from room reflections and improves the clarity of your recordings.

Conclusion

We hope you found our guide helpful in understanding the different types of specialty microphones and accessories available. It is important to consider various factors when choosing a microphone and accessories, such as your intended use, budget, and desired sound quality. For example, if you are recording music, you may want to consider a condenser microphone for its sensitivity and detail. If you are recording a podcast, a dynamic microphone may be a better choice due to its ability to reject background noise. Additionally, there are many accessories available that can enhance your recording experience, such as pop filters, shock mounts, and boom stands. Don’t forget to experiment with different microphone placements and settings to find the best sound possible. With so many options out there, we are confident that you will find the perfect microphone and accessories to suit your needs. Happy recording and keep creating!

The Ultimate Guide To The Novation Launchpad Pro – Part 7

In this video, we will take a look at the sequencer feature of the Novation Launchpad Pro mk3. This is the seventh video out of eight in our series exploring the features of this powerful digital instrument. The sequencer on the Launchpad Pro mk3 is a powerful tool for creating complex rhythms and melodies with ease. With the ability to save and load projects, you can quickly switch between different patterns and sequences to keep your creativity flowing.

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Novation Music Intro – https://intro.novationmusic.com

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